This book is a comparative study of the political emergence of Perónin Argentina and Vargas in Brazil. It seeks to describe and explainhow and why Peronism and Varguism were two different politicalprojects. Using the tools of political discourse theory, this bookscrutinizes the implications Perón and Vargas had for the formation of the political identities of the socio-political actors in bothcountries. The book shows to what extend the differential character of the process of formation of political identities had to do both withthe structural context in which Vargas and Perón developed theirstrategy as well as which the specific ways in which both leadersintervened in the political formation. In this sense, the researchstresses the specific discursive and institutional modes ofintervention that characterized these who leaders? projects and theirrole in the political imaginary they inaugurated. It does so bytracing the responses to Perón and Vargas by different socio-political actors and the polemic context in which those responses took place.